High rents are turning Europe’s free movement into a costly privilege Housing costs now block job matching before workers move Affordable housing must be treated as labour-market infrastructure After years of fre

Official inflation can fall while household price pressure remains high Different spending baskets create different inflation experiences Policy should pair CPI with clear perceived-inflation indicators A country can show a low

Negative deposit rates do not just change returns; they change trust Denmark shows how households cut deposits when banks pass through negative rates Japan shows how low returns can push savers toward cash, caution, or global risk <

Young populations can lift growth only if jobs expand Ageing economies need labour, but extraction is not a strategy Investment decides whether youth becomes a dividend or a trap Between 2025 and 2035,

Supply chain inflation begins before costs fully appear Firms price delay as a margin risk Competitor reactions can turn disruption into persistent inflation Global supply chains experience a one-month-or-longer disruption

A rate hike and a rate cut do not carry equal force Tightening hits firms when financing constraints bind Policy should track credit damage, not only inflation A single policy shift could appear minuscule on a central b

AI governance is moving toward a security alliance, not a global parliament The United States holds the main model, compute, and cloud leverage Voluntary standards will matter only if they become enforceable The most si

Japan rural depopulation is now an infrastructure problem Tokyo’s efficiency gains come with rural service loss Policy needs planned concentration, not symbolic revival Japan currently faces around 9 million abandoned hom

AI export controls protect U.S.

Managed Interdependence is the realistic path for middle powers Local data centers do not equal sovereign AI Real sovereignty needs leverage, exits and supplier choice The clearest warning in the sovereign AI debate is not a

Banks cannot treat interest rate risk as a crisis-only problem Derivatives can soften rate shocks, but they also create new liquidity and governance risks Supervision should tighten when rate stress rises and ease when conditions calm <

EU trade de-risking should not be driven by import shares alone The real risk lies in concentrated, hard-to-replace inputs Europe needs selective resilience, not broad decoupling EU trade de-risking could fail in two c

EU strategic autonomy depends on reducing critical bottlenecks, not cutting trade China-linked inputs matter most where Europe cannot switch suppliers quickly The answer is targeted de-risking, stockpiles and crisis planning

Europe’s green transition depends on foreign-controlled supply chains Factories alone do not create industrial autonomy Selective de-risking is stronger than full decoupling In 2024, China supplied 98 per

ECB communication moves markets mainly through interest rates, not exchange-rate remarks Asia shows that currency words matter more when intervention is credible The ECB case is important, but not universal Between the

The 2026 Hormuz shock turns a regional war into a global energy shock The article shows why global shocks hurt more, but not forever Trade shifts buy time; technology reduces future exposure A single maritime route has r

Employee reviews can reveal hidden organizational strength LLMs can measure firm-specific intangible assets at scale CEO changes may weaken these assets before losses become visible In 2022, organizational capital accou

South Korea bears real costs from US AI export controls The AI memory boom has provided temporary compensation Submarine cooperation adds a major strategic return In 2025, South Korea shipped $130.8 billion worth of goods to Ch

The Economy Research Editorial1,2 1 The Economy Research, 71 Lower Baggot Street, Dublin 2, Co. Dublin, D02 P593, Ireland 2 Swiss Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Chaltenbodenstrasse 26, 8834 Schindellegi, Schwyz, Switzerland

The Economy Research Editorial1,2 1 The Economy Research, 71 Lower Baggot Street, Dublin 2, Co. Dublin, D02 P593, Ireland 2 Swiss Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Chaltenbodenstrasse 26, 8834 Schindellegi, Schwyz, Switzerland